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Compliments of ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD Passenger Department 





VICKSBURG 

FOR THE TOURIST 



VICKSBURG FOR THE TOURIST. 

ICKSBURG, MISS., located on the Yazoo & Mississippi Valley 
Railroad about half way between Memphis and New Orleans, 
and reached from the north through Memphis by the Illinois 
Central Railroad, is interesting for the tourist, the historian, 
the artist, the patriot and the soldier. The city itself is topo- 
graphically and architecturally picturesque, and in common 
with most Southern cities of ante-bellum days, exhibits a delightful blending 
of the old regime with the improvements of the present. It contains the 
largest and one of the most beautiful park-like national cemeteries, and what 
is the greatest attraction of all, the National Military Park. Automobile 
and carriage service from the station and hotels to the two parks. 

THE VICKSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY PARK. 

This Park, constructed by the United States Government, under the 
direction of a commission appointed for the purpose, is in commemoration 
of the campaign siege and defense of Vicksburg; which campaign siege and 
defense, including events leading directly up to it, extended over a period from 
March 29th to July 4th, 1863. 






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HE general plan and scope of the Park is such that it is an 
intensely interesting and instructive place to visit. First of 
all, the picturesqueness of the region in which it is located 
makes the Park well worth seeing, situated as it is in a rolling 
country of beautiful valleys and high hills overlooking the 
majestic waters of the Mississippi River. As a whole, the 
arrangement of the Park Avenues, aided by the topography of the Park, 
and the peculiar nature of the conflict it commemorates, enables one to 
follow the story of the siege and defense in a clear and simple manner, with 
the additional charm of rugged landscape features presenting themselves 
at every turn. 

The story will be found engrossing and perfectly easy to follow, for 
the reason that unlike any other engagement of the Civil War the assaults 
at the Siege of Vicksburg were few, each side learning to respect the 
prowess of the other early in the struggle. Hence, with some few exceptions, 
the conflict was confined on the part of the Federals to a gradual vise-like 
closing-in through the agency of their artillery and by approaches, or saps, 
and to a heroic and brilliant defense on the part of the Confederates. 
Therefore, the operations were along clearly defined and, generally 
speaking, parallel lines, with no radical shifting and intermingling of 
positions, such as occurred at Shiloh and Chickamaugua, to confuse the 
visitor of this later generation in the reading of these field-pages of the 
nation's history. 



Five 




Portrait Tablet ol 
Brig. Gen. Abraham Buford.C.S.A 





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Portrait Tablet of 
Brig.Gen. Joseph A.Mower.U.S.V. 




Union Navy Memorial 




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Union Navy Tablet — illustrative of the 897 Tablets placed in the Park by the United States 



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NOTHER feature of the possibility of a clear picture of the 
military events of '63 at Vicksburg is the fact that the park 

A hills overlooking each other have been purposely kept clear of 

any timber that would obstruct the view from one line to another. 
There was no timber on the field of operation at the time of 
the siege, and such as is now there is the growth of the 
intervening years. But sufficient foliage will be found in the valleys and on 
the hills, where not obtrusive, to add a quota to the charm of the landscape. 
In short, for picturesque beauty and historic interest, no other battlefield of 
the country surpasses the one included in the Vicksburg National Military 
Park. It contains 1,323 acres, and practically includes the battle lines of the 
two opposed armies during the investment of Vicksburg, May 18-July 4, and 
all the fighting ground between them. Every part of the battlefield is made 
accessible by the park roadways, which are as follows: Two principal avenues, 
Union and Confederate, bounding the main body of the Park and the most 
important part of the battlefield on the outside and inside, respectively; eleven 
secondary avenues (Grant, Pemberton, Sherman, Connecting, Illinois, Indiana, 
Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin) ; and thirty short circles 
(Johnston, Logan, Maloney, Navy, Observation, Pemberton, Sherman, Tilgh- 
man Memorial, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Illinois Memorial, 
Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, 
New York, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, 
Wisconsin). Largely, the secondary avenues and the circles were constructed 
to give individuality and increased distinction to the sites for the State 
Memorials and the Statues that have been or will be placed in the Park. 



Seven 








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1 In action on Union Gunboat, Grand Gulf 



4 Capturing Four Guns at Champion's Hill 




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3 Charging the Confederate Intrenchments at Jackson 6 The Assault on Railroad Redoubt 

PANELS OF BATTLEFIELD PICTURES - IOWA STATE MEMORIAL 



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JUL 








Site of Interview between Generals Grant and Pemberton, afternoon of July 3, 1863 — on Pemberton Avenue 





EN SUCH memorials are finished (Illinois, Iowa, Massachusetts, 

T Minnesota, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, 

Rhode Island, Wisconsin), and appropriations have been made for 
three — Alabama, Michigan and Missouri. To June 1, 1911, fifteen 
states have made appropriations for the Vicksburg Park, aggregat- 
ing $847,000. Indiana's and Ohio's, each, provide generously for 
regimental and battery monuments and markers, but not for a 
State Memorial. Each of the memorials now in the Park is 
beautiful and appropriate, but specific mention is made of three 
of them to call attention to features of special interest that they possess: 
The inscription on the Pennsylvania Memorial is the following appro- 
priate and noble sentiment: 

"here brothers fought for their principles, 
here heroes died for their country. and 
a united people will forever cherish the 
precious legacy of their noble manhood." 

The Illinois Memorial is a beautiful marble dome, bearing on its inner 
wall the names, more than 35,000, of the soldiers of that State who then 
belonged to a command engaged in the Vicksburg campaign and siege. It 
is the noblest and most appropriate battlefield memorial in the world. 

A feature of Iowa's Memorial is its artistic and stirring bronze battle- 
field pictures, six, each in a separate panel. They are as follows, taken 
in order as the visitor faces the memorial: 



Nine 




fanriMrfifn i i^H'ni^rir,, 



Iowa Marker — illustrative of the 59 Markers placed in Park by the State 



Ten 




HE first panel on the left shows one gun in action on one of the 

Union gunboats, in the bombardment of Grand Gulf, April 29th. 

The second panel — the 99th Illinois capturing two guns (one 

shown) of the Botetourt (Virginia) Battery in the battle of 

Port Gibson, May 1st, the 21st, 22d and 23d Iowa immediately 

at the left on the 99th Illinois and not shown. 

The third panel — the 17th Iowa charging, on the double quick, the 

Confederate intrenchments at Jackson, May 14th, with the 6th Wisconsin 

battery on the run to keep even with the infantry line. 

The next panel to the right, the center one, is a black marble slab on 
which are inscribed the thirty-two Iowa commands engaged at Vicksburg 
in 1863, and their respective casualties. 

The fourth panel from the left shows the 24th Iowa capturing four 
guns (one shown) of Waddell's Alabama battery, in the battle of Champion's 
Hill, May 16th, and ^he three Confederates fighting their gun to the last 
extremity, are the heroes of the series of battle-pictures in the memorial. 
The fifth panel — the 23d Iowa in line of battle, on the double quick, 
charging the Confederate intrenchments at Big Black River Bridge, 
May 17th. 

The sixth panel on the right shows the placing of the flag of the 22d Iowa 

on the parapet of the Confederate Railroad Redoubt, in the assault, May22d. 

An ideal equestrian figure of a soldier bearing a flag will be placed on 

the pedestal now in front of the center of this Iowa Memorial to round out 

its completeness. 



Eleven 




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Confederate Position Taolet — illustrative of the 897 Tablets placed in the Park by the United States 




WHAT THE COMMISSION HAS DONE. 

THERE are sixteen bridges in the Park, six steel, ten reinforced 
concrete; twelve of them being on Union Avenue, three on 
Confederate Avenue, and one on Maloney Circle. There has 
been placed in the Park by the United States, 897 tablets in 
appropriate locations, on which are told briefly the detail 
stories of the siege and defense. Of these tablets, thirty-one 
are of bronze and 866 of iron. Of them, 568 are Union and 329 Confederate, 
and they are classified by subject as follows: Historical 162, battery 197, 
Union trench-marker 227, Confederate trench-marker 151, Union approach- 
marker 136, headquarters 19, mortuary 5. The avenues, circles, and public 
roads in the Park, aggregating about thirty-two miles of park roadway, 
are marked by 122 guideboards. 

The United States has mounted 114 field guns on light carriages, and 
fourteen heavy guns and their siege carriages, like the ones used during 
the siege and defense, making 128 mounted guns in the Park and at the 
old battery sites — sixty-six on the Union and sixty-two on the Confederate 
lines. 

Three reinforced concrete observation towers have been constructed: 
one on Logan Circle; one on the area bounded by Confederate Avenue 
and Observation Circle, and the third on Confederate Avenue near 
All Saints' College, and on the line of Reynold's Brigade during the 
defense. 



Thirteen 




View from C 



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Union Position Tablet — illustrative of the 897 Tablets placed in the Park by the United States 





UNION Navy Memorial, located at Battery Sclfridge, commemo- 

Arativeof the service of the Union navy during the campaign and 
siege, with its statues and bronze tablets, is one of the features of 
the Park; and a similar memorial for the Confederate Navy, to 
be located on the area bounded by Louisiana Circle and the 
Warrenton Road, is in contemplation. 

Four hundred and sixty-eight memorials, monuments and 
markers are in place in the Park — 419 Union and forty-nine Con- 
federate. Of them, 424 are by states, 22 were gifts, and 22 are 
by the United States; and about 100 more can reasonably be expected. In 
the main body of the Park the lines of the opposed armies are plainly 
shown without confusion or uncertainty, by the monuments, markers, tablets, 
and, in a very realistic sense, the battle is again set in order. 

However, the work will not be finished until the bronze portrait of 
each brigade, division, corps and army commander, Union and Confederate, 
engaged in the operations commemorated, has been placed in the Park, each 
at an appropriate site in relation to the line of the officer's command 
during the siege and defense. Largely, they must come as donations, and 
an inspiring opportunity is thereby offered to veterans of the two armies, 
their friends, and wealthy Americans. Already, as gifts, four statues, two 
busts and twenty-one reliefs (tablets with portrait above and inscription 
below) are in place or under contract. In the same way, two equestrians, 
one bust and three reliefs are assured for the Park. 



Fifteen 




Sixteen 



JrCj^noov 




THE VICKSBURG NATIONAL MILITARY' PARK AND VICINITY 

SHOWING LINES OF SIEGE AND DEFENSE OF THE CITY. NATIONAL CEMETERY IN B ICKGROUND 



-JXi 

A. 




Battery Tablet and Gun, illustrating the fact that "the battle is again set in order" by the monuments, markers, 
guns and tablets that have been placed in the Vicksburg National Military Park 




AKEN as a whole, while some little time will yet elapse before 

Tthe full fruition of the Park will be realized in the matter of 
complete monument or memorial representation of all the 
states, both North and South, that had organizations in the 
field at Vicksburg, in general scope it is at the present time 
more than ready for the visitor. Its broad macadamized 
boulevards, its impressive scenery, its generous display of monumental 
features and many other accessories are already there. 

One can but be greatly interested, and impressed with a deep patriotic 
sentiment, by scanning the object page of one of the Nation's most 
interesting historical incidents as portrayed by this Vicksburg National 
Military Park. 

For those interested in the detail story of the siege and defense of 
Vicksburg there has been published by the Passenger Department of the 
Illinois Central another booklet entitled "Siege and Defense of Vicksburg," 
and which is for free distribution. In it are given an epitome of the cam- 
paign, siege and defense, maps, facts and figures as to the troops, by states, 
engaged therein; also the complete tablet inscriptions to be found in the 
Park, these of themselves being a most exhaustive history of the famous 
siege and defense. 

The booklet contains military maps, and is generously illustrated. It 
will be found particularly interesting to old soldiers and to students of the 
Civil War. 



Seventeen 




JUL. 



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General Grant's Headquarters, marked by flagstaff, on Grant Avenue 




Monument 1 1th Wisconsin, Monument 21st, 22d and 23d Iowa, Missouri Gun, Tablets and Trench-Marker 



Nineteen 




Twenty-two 



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The National Cemetery — Officers' Circle 





The National Cemetery — park-like in aspect 





THE NATIONAL CEMETERY. 

THE National Cemetery at Vicksburg, fronting the river and blending 
into the northern end of the Military Park, although not of it, 
was established in 1865. Its originally beautiful natural site 
haying thus had the benefit of time in which to be developed 
and appropriately softened and beautified into harmony with its 
sacred purpose, it stands to-day one of the most park-like and 
pleasingly impressive of all the national cemeteries. With the 
possible exception of Arlington Heights, none can compare with 
it in general beauty. It certainly is one of the most magnificent 
cemeteries ever devoted to the interment of the dead soldiers of any nation, 
and it is also (except Arlington) the largest of the eighty-two established and 
maintained by the General Government in honor of its valorous defenders. 
It contains the graves of 16,822 Union soldiers who lost their lives in and 
around Vicksburg during the Civil War, of which the appalling number 
of 12,719 are "unknown." The cemetery is a masterpiece of landscape 
engineering, with delightful walks and drives, with ravines, terraces and 
plateaus, and with long avenues of trees, mostly Spanish oaks, supplemented 
with tropical plants and picturesque parterres of flowers. The grounds 
occupy what was once the sides and crest of a forbidding bluff overlooking 
the river, but which is now a most charming series of terraces, encircling 
a beautiful plateau from which is had a magnificent view, grand in extent 
and variety, including the serpentine course of the glittering river, its 
opposite shore fringed with verdant forest. 



Twenty-five 




Twenty-six 






THE CITY OF VICKSBURG. 

ICKSBURG is located on the Yazoo and on the Mississippi 

V rivers about half way between Memphis and New Orleans. 

Until 1876 it was wholly on the Mississippi, the river previous 
to that time making a bend that formed a tongue of land 
opposite the city, the stream rounding the end of this tongue 
about two miles above the city. In the year mentioned the 
river cut across the base of this tongue, making an island of it, and relegating 
to the old channel only the back waters of the stream. Thus was formed 
what was called Lake Centennial, the waters of which, as a rule insufficient 
for steamboat purposes, became the only ones that laved the city's once 
busy levee. In recent years, however, the United States Government cut 
a canal from the Yazoo River across to the upper end of the old channel, 
dammed the west outlet to Lake Centennial, and let the waters of the Yazoo 
through the old channel, thus restoring a river front to the heart of the 
city. From the main road in the southern part of the city, which road 
skirts the river along the high bluff overlooking the surrounding country, 
the tourist not only has a fine scenic attraction before him, but a particularly 
clear panorama of this interesting feature of Yicksburg's relation to the 
waters mentioned. It is one of the show features of the place. 

Vicksburg's history goes back to the time of the French and the Spanish 
occupation of the country, but derives its name from the family of Yicks, 
the founder of which was Newit Vick, a planter and Methodist clergyman, 
who died in 1819 at his home a few miles cast of the present site of the city, 
leaving thirteen children, all of whom grew to manhood and womanhood. 



Twenty-seven 





Twenty-eight 




N 1860 the population of Vicksburg was about five thousand, 
and it was then, as now, a prosperous, and the principal com- 
mercial city of the State. Each decade has shown a generous 
increase in its population, it now having 21,000. It is one of 
the largest cotton markets in the country, and has other impor- 
tant business interests, including some considerable manufactur- 
ing. The city occupies the sides, summit and valleys of a range of hills 
which attain a height of two hundred feet above sea level. Hence it 
is extremely picturesque, its topography lending effect to its architectural 
features. Its principal business section is along the levee, and on the streets 
running parallel and up from it, the residence portion being on the higher 
terraces. In the latter are architectural features of more than ordinary 
interest. The modern city hall and the ancient courthouse, their artistic 
lines set off to the best possible effect by their commanding sites, are each 
handsome types of their respective day and generation. In the residence 
streets the same delightful contrasts will be found, for as has already been 
suggested in these pages, the city contains a blending of the best of the 
olden days with enough of the modern types to indicate its substantial 
prosperity of to-day. To the tourist, however, the former or the older 
characteristics of the homes, will probably prove the most interesting. This 
for the reason that to an extent not commonly found in old Southern cities, 
the family mansions of before the war have been kept up in Vicksburg, and 
still suggest all their original dignity and beauty of design. 



Twenty-nine 




Thirty 








GAIN, these old homes were as a rule in style somewhat different 
from the typical old Southern mansion. They bordered broadly 

Aon the Queen Anne style, but more generally of their designs 
it might be said that they were characteristic of Vicksburg 
alone, although none the less attractive on that account. Many 
rich historical associations cluster around these homes and 
through the business district of the city, associations of interest to those 
having the time and inclination to inquire into them through a guide. 
In this connection it will be interesting to note that as a part of the plan 
of the National Military Park Commission, tablet inscriptions have been 
placed on the walls of buildings in the city having historical connection 
with the siege and defense of Vicksburg. 

Territorially, the city is not large, and those wishing only a general 
view of it can accomplish their desire in a few hours by automobile, carriage 
or the street cars. The latter are modern electrics; the city has electric 
light and water systems and is fully up to date in matters affecting the 
tourists, including attractive retail stores. 

The hotel facilities at Vicksburg are now unsurpassed for a city of its 
size, they having been modernized and brought up to more than an accept- 
able standard for the Northern tourists who are going in increasing numbers, 
every year, to Vicksburg, to visit the National Military Park. The hotels 
are The National Park, run on the European plan, with rooms from $1.00 
per day up, and the Carroll, run on the American plan, rates $2.50 per 
day to $4.00 per day 




\Thirty-one 




VICKSBURG 

MISSISSIPPI 

Is located on the Yazoo & Mississippi Valley Railroad, 
about half way between Memphis and New Orleans, and 
is reached direct from New Orleans and through Memphis by 

ILLINOIS CENTRAL THROUGH TRAINS 




TALLAHASSEE l - / ^. > ' 

JACKSONVILLE I 



Chicago, St. Louis, Cincinnati and Louisville 

Any ticket agent of the Illinois Central and of Connecting Lines 
can sell you a ticket to Vicksburg and 

Advise Ycu as to Tourist Fares and Train Time 



S. G. Hatch, Passenger Traffic Manager, Chicago 
H. J. Phelps, Gen'l Pass'r Agent, Chicago G. H. Bower, Gen'l Pass'r Agent, Memphis 



"Go South Young Man" 



Thirty-two 



K— tr- 



CENTRAL 



MISSISSIPPI 
^RDUTE 



VALLEY 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



014 542 624 8 




